🎯 Zero Conditional (現在事實/普遍真理)
格式:If + 現在式, 現在式
例:If you heat water to 100°C, it boils. (如果把水加熱到100度,它就會沸騰)
📍描述科學現象、自然法則
🎯 First Conditional (很可能發生的未來事件)
格式:If + 現在式, will + 原形動詞
例:If it rains tomorrow, I will bring an umbrella. (如果明天下雨,我就會帶傘)
📍對未來的預測、承諾
🎯 Second Conditional (假設/不太可能發生的事)
格式:If + 過去式, would + 原形動詞
例:If I won the lottery, I would buy an airplane. (如果我中樂透的話,我就會買架飛機)
📍整個假設跟因果關係都建立在(不太真實的情況),虛擬的情況,不太真實的
小提醒:
- If 子句用的時態要比主要子句"早一個時態"
- would 不能出現在 if 子句裡
- 口語中,would 常縮寫為 'd
❌ 常見錯誤: "If I will have time, I will call you."
✅ 正確: "If I have time, I will call you."
🎯Third Conditional (過去的假設)
想說「如果當時...就好了」Third Conditional 就是你需要的句型架構!
格式: If + had + p.p., would have + p.p. (如果過去發生了A,就會有B的結果)
例1️⃣: "If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam." (如果我當時有更認真讀書,就會考過了)
例2️⃣: "If you had called me, I would have picked you up." (如果你當時有打給我,我就會去接你了)
💡 超實用補充:
- 想表達遺憾:would have + p.p.
- 想表達責備:should have + p.p.
- 想表達可能性:could have + p.p.
🚫 常見錯誤:
❌ "If I would have known..."
✅ "If I had known..."
🎯Mixed Conditionals (混和條件句)
什麼是混合條件句? 就是把不同時間的假設和結果組合在一起!超實用但很多人不敢用!
兩大常用類型:
1️⃣ 過去影響現在 格式:If + had + p.p., would + V (過去沒發生的事,影響現在的狀況)
例句: "If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now." (如果我當時讀醫科的話,現在就是醫生了)
- 過去:沒讀醫科
- 現在:不是醫生
2️⃣ 現在影響過去 格式:If + 過去式, would have + p.p. (現在的個性/習慣,影響過去某件事)
例句: "If I wasn't so shy, I would have asked her out." (如果我不是這麼害羞的人,我就會去邀她約會了)
- 現在:很害羞的個性
- 過去:沒去邀約
🔍 使用時機:
- 描述個性造成的後果
- 解釋人生重大抉擇
- 表達遺憾或後悔
❌ 常見錯誤: "If I would have studied medicine, I would be a doctor now."
✅ 正確: "If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now."
💡 小提醒: 重點是分清楚「原因」發生在什麼時候,「結果」影響什麼時候!
以上五種if條件句,是不是很實用呢?
怕忘記可以把單字卡儲存起來喔